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Electron
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106 Terms
1
Electron
a negatively charged subatomic particle
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2
HF
Name compound for hydrogen fluoride
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3
CaCO3
Name compound for calcium carbonate
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4
H2
Out these gasses which will diffuse fastest? (H2, CH4, + C3H8)
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5
Density
The ratio of mass to volume
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6
Pb
Atomic symbol of lead
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7
Diffusion
Process that causes one substance to mix completely with another, such as dye mixing with water.
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8
3H2 (g) + N2 (g) ---> 2NH3 (g)
Balance: H2 (g) + N2 (g) ---> NH3 (g)
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9
2Al (s) + 6hcl (aq) ---> 2AlCl3 (aq) + 3H2
Balance: Al (s) + HCl (aq) ---> AlCl3 (aq) + H2 (g)
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10
The volume decreases until it becomes 0 Kelvins
According to ideal gas laws, what happens when a gas is cooled to absolute zero at constant pressure?
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11
Water freezing, Ice melting, and water evaporating
Name 3 types of physical properties
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12
C5H7
Empirical formula of beta carotene
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13
Open ended manometer
1,000
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14
List an example of chemical change
Browning meat
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15
Three fewer electrons than a neutral gold atom
How many electrons does Gold III have?
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16
Gas molecules are in constant motion, undergo elastic collisions, are directly related to temperature, are far apart, and have a neglible attraction
List all 5 steps of the Assumption of the Kinetic Theory of Matter.
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17
Significant figures
Rules of _________ _____________: *Zeros between digits (6,053) are significant *Zeros after a decimal are significant (8.9007) *Zeros at the beginning of a number are NOT significant (078) *Zeros at the end of a nondecimal number are NOT significant (31,990)
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18
Avogadro's Law
States the molar volume of a gas is constant if equal volumes of gases at constant temperatures and pressures contain equal numbers of molecules.
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19
Combination reaction
Name reaction: A + B ---> AB
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20
Decomposition reaction
AB ---> A + B
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21
Single displacement reaction
A + BC ---> B + AC
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22
Double displacement reaction
Name reaction: AB + CD ---> AD + BC
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23
CuCl2
name copper chloride as a compound
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24
Nucleus
Central part of an atom
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25
Accuracy
How close a measurement is to the exact value
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26
Liquid state of matter
When particles have enough kinetic energy to move freely, but not enough to overcome their attraction for each other, what state is this?
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27
Pressure
Amount of force exerted upon a surface per unit of area
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28
Barometer
Instrument used to measure the atmospheric pressure of the earth
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29
-273.15 kelvins and 760 torr
Name the temperature that equals 0 Kelvins
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30
10^-6 seconds
Microsecond
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31
Hypothesizing
Step of the scientific method in which you develop an idea about how something works
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32
Carbon 12
The isotope where the atomic mass unit is defined relative to
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33
760 torr
The standard atmosphere equals what?
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34
Atomic number
Number of protons in an atom
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35
1 torr
What does one millimeter of mercury equal?
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36
Quarks
Protons and neutrons are composed of even smaller particles called?
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37
Avogadro's number
Link between the microscopic and macroscopic levels of chemistry
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38
Si
Atomic symbol for Silicon
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39
15 dm
1.5 m equals?
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40
5.3 kg
5300 g equals?
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41
Science of extracting metals from their ores and preparing them for use is known as
metallurgy
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42
Substances that dissolve in water to produce ions that can conduct an electrical current
electrolytes
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43
The effect of changes on equilibrium systems is described by what principle
Le Chatelier's
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44
The study of reaction rates and pathways
chemical kinetics
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45
activation energy
Minimum kinetic energy that a molecule must possess to undergo a chemical reaction is the
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46
A substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without being consumed in the reaction is a
catalyst
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47
Most abundant element in the universe
hydrogen
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48
Protium, deuterium and tritium are common names for what
hydrogen isotopes
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49
Gas found in air that is necessary for the survival of humans and animals
Oxygen
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50
Halogen used in dental hygiene and in the manufacture of refrigerants
florine
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51
Extracted from petroleum and natural gas by the claus process
sulfur
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52
Halogen used in the disinfection of drinking water and the synthesis of medicines, crop - protection chemicals, and pvc plastics.
chlorine
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53
Noble gas used as a lifting gas in airships and weather balloons,
helium
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54
Extracted from the air and used to make artificial fertilizers and explosives
nitrogen
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55
Ozone is an allot rope of this element
oxygen
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56
Exists in an unstable white allot rope and a more stable red allot rope; used to make matches and some fertilizers
phosphorus
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57
Alkali metal found in lye, washi g soda, baking soda and table salt
sodium
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58
Cheapest and most widely used metal, also the 2nd most abundant metal in the earth's crust
iron
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59
Precious metal used in automotive and industrial catalysts
platinum
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60
Metal most commonly refined by means of blast furnaces
iron
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61
Metal used in electrical wiring and as a component of brass and bronze
copper
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62
Lightweight metal widely used to make aircraft, spacecraft, and beverage cans; the most abundant metal in the earth's crust
aluminum
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63
Most malleable and ductile metal known
gold
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64
Most common semi metal; found in computer chips, glads, and sand
Silicon
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65
Alkaline earth metal that helps compose limestone, slaked lime, and cement
calcium
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66
Diluting reactant concentrations WOULD or WOULD NOT increase the rate of a chemical reaction
would not
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67
A solution that contains as much dissolved solute as possible under equilibrium conditions is said to be?
saturated
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68
True or false: A catalyst increases the reaction rate by lowering the reaction's activation energy.
true
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69
solvent
In a solution of sodium chloride in water, water is the?
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70
The flow of solvent through a semipermeable membrane from a more dilute solution to a more concentrated solution is called
osmosis
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71
A mixture of 2 or more metals, usually melted together, is a(n)
alloy
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72
If the temperature of a chemical reaction is increased from 20°C to 30°C, we would ordinarily expect the reaction rate to?
double
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73
The theory that when 2 molecules collide and chemically react they form a short-lived activated complex before breaking apart to form the products is the ? theory.
transition state
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74
The rate of a chemical reaction is usually measured as
The change in concentration of a substance over an amount of time
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75
Rates of forward and reverse reactions are equal is called
equilibrium
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76
A mixture containing tiny clumps or particles that remain suspended within the mixture and will not settle out is a/an
Colloids
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77
What's the most abundant element in the universe and its isotopes?
hydrogen
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78
What's used in dental hygiene
fluorine
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79
What's the science of extracting metals from their ores and preparing them for use
metallurgy
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80
what's the most malleable?
gold
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81
substances being dissolved in solution
solute
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82
whats on way to diffuse/semipermeate
osmosis
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83
most abundant element
oxygen
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84
most versatile elements(crop...)
chlorine
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85
most commonly refined, blast furnace
iron
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86
alloy with mercury for dentistry for teeth fillings
silver
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87
substance that dissolves
solvent
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88
colloids
mixture with tiny clumps or particles remain suspended
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89
forms of the same element that differ in their properties but exist in the same physical state?
allotropy
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90
noble gas is used for lighting gas
helium
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91
mixture of two or more metals
alloy
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92
most abundant element of metal
iron
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93
how does increasing temp effect solubility of gas in a liquid?
decreases
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94
2 parts of chem. kinematics
pathway and reaction rate
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95
as a rule of thumb, by 10 degrees
increases
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96
what alkali is found in baking soda
sodium
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97
what states that a given temp the equilibrium of concentration of a dissolved gas is directly proportional to the partial pressure of that gas?
Henry's law
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98
atmospheric oxygen and ozone
what are 2 allotropes of oxygen
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99
what method is used to extract sulfur from petroleum and natural gas?
Claus Process
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100
what semi-metal is found in glass and computer chips?
silicon
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